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Introduction
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References
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0-09: Inclusive process for policy development, communication
0-16: Staff development for health/safety personnel
1-01: Family involvement in health/safety programs, policies
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2-01 - Institutional support, ample time for health/safety education
 

Adopt policies and provide resources that institutionalize health and safety education so that the education is high-quality and provides sufficient time and materials for students to master essential knowledge and skills.

   
Rationale
 

Effective implementation of health and safety education requires administrative support and sufficient time and resources. Policies help to ensure that support continues and becomes institutionalized. Studies show that adequate instructional time and opportunities to learn are crucial if students are to develop mastery of essential knowledge, skills, and competencies for health and safety.

   
Commentary
 

Policies that support high quality health and safety education include making these topics part of the educational system's core academic content (Guideline 2-04) and requiring that these topics are taught by qualified teachers who stay current in the subject (Guideline 2-03). Other forms of administrative support include providing release time for teachers to attend professional development sessions (Guideline 0-16) and assuring that health and safety instructional needs are included in the budget. Resources required for high-quality health and safety education include ample classroom space, access to a computer and audiovisual equipment, relevant and current library materials, and regularly updated instructional materials, curricular guides, and hands-on materials (such as anatomic models and mannequins for teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills). Health and safety courses should receive the same level of support as other core academic subjects for time, space, teaching staff, support staff, and instructional materials.

Having sufficient time for health and safety education allows students time to model, practice, receive feedback, and develop competency in relevant skills. When time is insufficient, teachers often omit skills practice, which is an essential part of health and safety lessons. To address the concern of insufficient time in the school day, some schools have sought funding to lengthen the school day or year. The United States has the equivalent of 175 to 180 six-hour school days per year compared to a mean of 194 days in 38 other countries. Those additional hours have allowed some schools to allot adequate time for health and safety education.

   
REFERENCES
 

American Academy of Family Physicians. AAFP Policies on Health Issues: Health Education. Leawood, KS: American Academy of Family Physicians; 1999.

Bogden JF. Fit, Healthy, and Ready to Learn: A School Health Policy Guide. Part I: Physical Activity, Healthy Eating, and Tobacco Use Prevention. Alexandria, VA: National Association of State Boards of Education; 2000.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. School health guidelines to prevent unintentional injuries and violence. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2001;50(RR-22):1-73.

Connell DB, Turner RR, Mason EF. Summary of findings of the school health education evaluation: Health promotion effectiveness, implementation, and cost. J of School Health. 1985; 55:316-321.

Jellinek M (Ed), Bright futures in practice: mental health (second edition); Arlington VA: National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health, 2002.

Joint Committee on National Health Education Standards. National Health Education Standards: Achieving Health Literacy. New York: American Cancer Society; 1995.

Lohrmann DK, Wooley SF. Comprehensive school health education. In: Marx E, Wooley SF, eds. Health is Academic: A Guide to Coordinated School Health Programs. New York: Teachers College Press; 1998:43-66.

Marx E, Northrop D. Educating for Health: A Guide to Implementing a Comprehensive Approach to School Health Education. Newton, MA: Education Development Centers Inc., 1995.

National PTA. Position Statement on Comprehensive School Health Education. Chicago, IL: National PTA; 1987.

Patrick K et al.(Ed). Bright futures in practice: physical activity, Arlington, VA : National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health, 2001.

Smith DW, Steckler AB, McCormick LK, McLeroy KR. Lessons learned about disseminating health curricula to schools. J Health Educ. 1995;26:37-43.

Story M (Ed) et al . Bright futures in practice: nutrition (second edition); Arlington VA: National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health, 2002.

 
          
 
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